Visualization and Human Factors in Electric Power System Operation

-Optimal and effective operation of a large power system requires analysis of a huge amount of information by the system operators. In a large power system, it is a challenge to present the vast amount of data in a way, which assists the operators in assessing the state of the system and responding expeditiously. Restructuring of the power sector worldwide, the advent of new market mechanisms and the need to analyze various parameters and available security margins has made this challenge all the more formidable. These challenges are a prime mover for the continuous improvement and evolution of new visualization techniques. Effective visualization methods, techniques and tools are key to empowering the system operator and facilitating quick operator response under critical conditions. Internet and the development of new IT tools have added a new dimension for the power system operator. Analysis in real time and drill-downs into the data are required by the operator for a detailed investigation. Effective power system visualization capability is a strong motivating factor for the operator for improving his response and productivity. This paper describes the visualization methods, tools and techniques implemented and used by the Indian power system operator. Classical displays including single line diagrams, tabular displays, load curves, bar charts, pie charts, tie line interconnection diagrams, etc. have been discussed. New methods used more recently like multi-layered displays, macro visualization of a parameter over longer duration using zooming and panning, 3-D presentations, contours, data leveling, animation etc. and future methods such as GIS Maps are discussed. The human aspects and the ability of operators to comprehend and respond to the information presented to them in various formats are also discussed. Index Terms — Cognitive, Diagnostic, Human Factors, Interactive, Visualization.